Welcome to Africa

Slavery in America and African Diaspora

The African Background of American Culture Through the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

An NEH Summer Institute for College Teachers at the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, June 8- July 3, 1998 on the African background to American history, and the processes that brought Africans to the British Americas from the seventeenth through the early nineteenth centuries. Participants were full time undergraduate teachers. Co-directors were Jerome S. Handler (Anthropology) and Joseph C. Miller (History). http://cti.itc.virginia.edu/~roots/site/home.html

African Century

E-magazine with full text articles such as "Unfinished Business: Confronting the Legacies of Slavery and Colonialism in Africa" by Professor J. F. Ade Ajayi. Managing editor of the e-magazine is Dapo Ladimeji. "Dapo Ladimeji was educated at Cambridge University and holds an MBA with distinction from Insead, Fontainebleau. He works as a chartered accountant and is currently International Tax Partner in a major City firm in London)." http://www.african-century.com/

African Studies Quarterly - A Roundtable on Reparations

Includes "From Slave Ship to Space Ship: Africa Between Marginalization and Globalization" by Ali Mazrui, "Political Versus Legal Strategies for the African Slavery Reparations Movement" by Ricardo Laremont, "The Debt Has Not Been Paid; the Accounts Have Not Been Settled" by Dudley Thompson. Volume 2, Issue 4, [1998]. Electronic journal published by the Univ. of Florida, Center for African Studies. http://web.africa.ufl.edu/asq/v2/v2i4.htm

Africans in America - October 19-22, 1998

"a companion to Africans in America, a six-hour public television series. The Web site chronicles the history of racial slavery in the United States -- from the start of the Atlantic slave trade in the 16th century to the end of the American Civil War in 1865 -- " Covers People & Events, Historical Documents; has a Teacher's Guide. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/

AfriGeneas, African Ancestored Genealogy

Has an beginners' guide, discussion list, surnames database, U.S. censuses, a description of the Louisiana Slave Database, 1719-1820, ny Gwendolyn Midlo Hall, and other databases, transcripts of America On Line interviews in the Genealogy Forum with Professor Gwendolyn Midlo Hall and others, newspaper / journal articles, related sites. [KF] http://www.afrigeneas.com

Afro-Louisiana History and Genealogy, 1719-1820

Dr. Gwendolyn Midlo Hall, New Orleans writer and historian, assembled over 15 years a database of 100,000 slaves brought to Louisiana in the 18th and 19th centuries. Information was gathered from courthouses in Louisiana, and archives in France, Spain and Texas. Dr. Hall's database contains information about African slave names, gender, ages, occupations, illnesses, family relationships, ethnicity, places of origin, prices paid by slave owners, and slaves' testimony and emancipations.

Through the free online database " locate individual slaves who lived in Louisiana between the years of 1718 and 1820..." Search by name, origin of the slaves, gender, racial designation, or plantation location. Includes a listing of slaves with African names, slaves involved in a conspiracy or a revolt against slavery, charts of characteristics, etc. One can download the slave database. http://www.ibiblio.org/laslave/

American Colonization Society, Library of Congress Exhibit

The U.S. Library of Congress holds the records of the American Colonization Society which established Liberia. The exhibit descriptions provide historical background on this period. The Colonization section is part of the African-American Mosaic exhibit. http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/african/afam002.html

American Society for Colonizing the Free People of Color of the United States

Four page account of efforts to establish a colony in Sierra Leone or Liberia for free African-Americans. Part of the Afro-American Almanac. http://www.toptags.com/aama/events/acs.htm
See also: Constitution of the American Society for Colonizing....
and the Liberia Constitution (1839).

Amistad Links

Links to sites about the Amistad incident. Includes Exploring Amistad, a web site, partially funded by NEH, which will have primary historical documents. Also links to the Steven Spielberg/Debbie Allen film site which has a slavery timeline and huge (9MB) film trailer/ads video clips. http://www.amistad.org/

Ancient Dutch Forts and Castles in Ghana - Michel R. Doortmont and Michel van den Nieuwenhof

"Some notes on Fort Patience (Apam) and Ussher Fort (Accra). A special contribution to the official home page of the Netherlands Embassy in Accra by Michel R. Doortmont and Michel van den Nieuwenhof." Part of the web site of the Netherlands Embassy in Accra, Ghana. http://www.ambaccra.nl/pages/c_forts.htm

Arts Diary - The Slave Route

"The history of slavery in South Africa is as old as the establishment of white settlement at the Cape; the first slaves were domestic servants in Jan van Riebeeck’s household." From the 1999 Arts Diary site sponsored by the South African government's Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology. [KF] http://www.artsdiary.org.za/guide99/slaveroute.html

The Atlantic Slave Trade: Demographic Simulation

Developed by Patrick Manning, (Prof. of History and African-American Studies, Director, World History Center, Northeastern Univ., Boston) and Northeastern Computer Science Dept. members. Manning writes:"This simulation, ... enables users to set input data (rates of birth, death and migration), and observe the results for free, slave, and captive populations in Africa and in the Americas. Teachers and students may find it useful in sorting out the many connections involved in this forced migration. The site will be revised and updated regularly, especially in response to user comments. Part of a larger project on Migration in Modern World History, based at the World History Center at Northeastern, developed with support of The Annenberg/CPB Project.". http://www.migrationsim.neu.edu/

The Atlantic World: An Electronic Exploration

A discussion on the Atlantic World of the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. "We envision papers that will be of interest to all who explore Atlantic history, but also papers that attract electronic gatherings of scholars whose interests are in a more narrowly defined subject such as the first British Empire or the Atlantic slave trade." Has full text of "African Political Ethics and the Slave Trade, Central African Dimensions," by John Thornton

 

"Scholars who have work in progress that they wish to test by putting it before a collegial gathering of others interested in the field are invited to send a paper in electronic form to one of the seminar moderators, listed below. They will share such submissions and rapidly decide which to post. If a paper is accepted the moderators will arrange with the author for a mutually convenient time when the author will be available for a ninety minute to two hour electronic chat session for discussion of the paper." The moderators are Dr. Francis J. Bremer and Dr. John Thornton or Millersville University (in Pennsylvania). http://www.millersv.edu/~winthrop/atlantic.html

Atlas Mutual Heritage (Amsterdam)

A data-bank on the Dutch East India Company trading posts and settlements which will include paintings, drawings, maps, prints and photographs.

"The first stage of the project involves the collation of illustrative data in the collections of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, the Rijksdienst voor de Monumentenzorg in Zeist and the Algemeen Rijksarchief in The Hague. Stage 2 will include the collation of illustrative data relating to Dutch East India Co. settlements in other collections in the Netherlands and abroad."

"The data-bank is primarily intended for storing information relating to VOC settlements in Africa and Asia as well as illustrations of these settlements. The AMH data-bank can also be adapted for supplementary modules: for example, the Portuguese East India Company, embassies and expeditions, Dutch monuments overseas from 1800 to the present day." http://www.art-culture.nl/amh/index.html

Baquaqua, Mahommah Gardo. ; Moore, Samuel,; fl. 1854. - Biography of Mahommah G. Baquaqua
a native of Zoogoo, in the interior of Africa (a convert of Christianity), with a description of that part of the world, including the manners and customs of the inhabitants... Mahommah's early life, his education, his capture and slavery in Western Africa and Brazil, his escape to the United States, from thence to Hayti, (the city of Port Au Prince,) his reception by the Baptist Missionary there, the Rev. W. L. Judd; his conversion to Christianity, Baptism, and return to this country, his views, objects and aim /

Full text. Detroit: Geo. E. Pomeroy & Co., 1854. 66 p. Electronic version by [Chapel Hill, N.C.] :; Academic Affairs Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2001. "Includes information about Central Africa "their religious notions, form of government, laws, appearance of the country, buildings, agriculture, manufactures, shepherds and herdsmen, domestic animals, marriage ceremonials, funeral services, styles of dress, trade and commerce, modes of warfare, system of slavery, &c., &c." http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/baquaqua/menu.html

Benezet, Anthony - Some Historical Account of Guinea

Originally published (Philadelphia, 1771. c. 200 pages). See the entry for Wesley, John on this page.

Brinch, Boyrereau [Benjamin F. (Benjamin Franklin) Prentiss, 1774 or 5-1817] - "The Blind African Slave, or Memoirs of Boyrereau Brinch, Nick-named Jeffrey Brace. Containing an Account of the Kingdom of Bow-Woo, in the Interior of Africa; with the Climate and Natural Productions, Laws, and Customs Peculiar to That Place. With an Account of His Captivity, Sufferings, Sales, Travels, Emancipation, Conversion to the Christian Religion, Knowledge of the Scriptures, &c. Interspersed with Strictures on Slavery, Speculative Observations on the Qualities of Human Nature, with Quotation from Scripture."

Imprint: St. Albans, Vt.: Printed by Harry Whitney, 1810. 204 p. Full text of the book. Part of the Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Documenting the American South, North American Slave Narratives site. http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/brinch/menu.html

Bristol and Slavery, The City of Bristol and its link with Transatlantic Slave Trade

"In the long history of Bristol as a trading port, the Transatlantic Slave Trade lasted a relatively short time but it was of crucial economic and social importance to the city." Includes illustrations. Maintained by Andy Nash, Deputy-Head Teacher, Headley Park Primary School who wrote "my city of Bristol made its fortune from the slave trade and yet is only now beginning to acknowledge its role in one of the the darkest periods of the past." Has links to relevant primary documents from the site of Stephen Mintz (Univ. of Houston). http://www.headleypark.bristol.sch.uk/slavery/

British Broadcasting Company. The Story of Africa

"the history of the continent from an African perspective." "from the origins of humankind to the end of South African apartheid" by major African historians (Jacob Ajayi, George Abungu, Director-General of the National Museums of Kenya and others). Includes audio of each segment of the BBC program. (Requires sound card, speaker or headphone). Each segment has a timeline, bibliography, useful links. http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/

Bruner, Edward M. - "Tourism in Ghana: Representation of Slavery and the Return of the Black Diaspora"

Article in American Anthropologist, Journal of the American Anthropological Association, Volume 98, Number 2, June 1996, 290-304. Article reprinted on the web site of Manu Herbstein. The site is about Herbstein's book, "Ama, A Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade." http://www.ama.africatoday.com/diaspora_return.htm

Capela, José - Le Commerce des Esclaves au Mozambique aux XVIIIº et XIXº Siecles

In French. 22 p. in Adobe pdf format. (Comunicação a uma conferência) On the site of the Universidade do Porto. Centro de Estudos Africanos. http://www.letras.up.pt/ceaup/html/galeria/galeria000.html

Carey, Brycchan - "Ignatius Sancho: African Man of Letters"

"Sancho (1729-1780) was born a slave on a ship crossing the Atlantic from Africa to the West Indies." "He composed music, appeared on the stage, and wrote a large number of letters which were collected and published in 1782, two years after his death." Has the full text of Joseph Jekyll's biography of Sancho, an annotated bibliography (including reviews, 19th c. commentary, music), selections from Sancho's Letters, biographies of those who knew him, maps and paintings of London in the mid 18th c., links to related sites, etc. Dr. Carey is a lecturer at Kingston University (Surrey, U.K.). http://www.brycchancarey.com/sancho/index.htm

Carey, Brycchan - "Olaudah Equiano, or, Gustavus Vassa, the African"

"Equiano (c.1745-1797) was born in what is now Nigeria. Kidnapped and sold into slavery in childhood..." "Coming to London he became involved in the movement to abolish the slave trade, an involvement which led to him writing and publishing The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa the African (1789) a strongly abolitionist autobiography." Has a map of Equiano's travels, an annotated bibliography, extracts from The Interesting Narrative..., related web sites, etc. http://www.brycchancarey.com/equiano/index.htm

Carey, Brycchan - "Quobna Ottobah Cugoano"

"Quobna Ottabah Cugoano was born in present-day Ghana in the 1750s. Kidnapped and taken into slavery, he worked on plantations in Granada before being brought to England, where he obtained his freedom." Site under construction. http://www.brycchancarey.com/cugoano/index.htm

Centre Culturel Français (in Benin)

In French. Has an online exhibit and articles about, "1848-1998, 150 ans d'abolition de l'esclavage." http://www.refer.org/benin_ct/tur/ccf/espadoc/escl/accesc.htm

Christine's Genealogy Website - Emigrants to Liberia

Links to sites with primary documents on the first Liberian emigrants.Has a Roll of Emigrants that have been sent to the colony of Liberia, Western Africa, by the American Colonization Society and its auxiliaries, to September, 1843, &c. with full text of passages from "Information relative to the operations of the United States squadron on the west coast of Africa, the condition of the American colonies there, and the commerce of the United States therewith," 28th Congress, 2d. Session, S. Doc. 150, serial 458. Includes 19th censuses, ships' passenger lists, etc. Maintained by Christine Charity, based in Pontiac, Michigan. http://ccharity.com/liberia/index.htm

Chronology on the History of Slavery and Racism

"Compiled from Archive, library and Internet source documentation, this timeline on Slavery and in part the History of Racism, has been used to guide the direction of independent research into the history of enslaved Americans of African descent..." Compiled by Eddie Becker.

The chronology begins with "1619. The forerunner of slavery in English colonies begins in Jamestown, Virginia, with the arrival of 20 black indentured servants aboard a Dutch vessel." On the Columbia Heights web site, a community in Washington, D.C. http://innercity.org/holt/slavechron.html

Conference - Discourses of Slavery and Abolition: Writing in Britian and its Colonies, 1660-1838, Friday 6 - Saturday 7 April 2001

Location: The Institute of English Studies, Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU United Kingdom. http://pages.britishlibrary.net/brycchan.carey/dsa.htm

Conference - Olaudah Equiano: Representation and Reality. Kingston University, Surrey, U.K., 22 March 2003

"the critics S.E. Ogude and Vincent Carretta have cast doubt over Equiano's account of his birth and upbringing in Africa, his kidnapping, and his experience of the Middle Passage." Proposals for papers are due 30 November 2002. http://humansciences.king.ac.uk/humanities/english/equiano.html

Creolist Archives

Page of the CreoLIST mailing list for creolists and others interested in creolistics and other contact language issues. The website has a searchable inventory of various alternative names for West African ethnolinguistic groups involved in the transatlantic slave trade, by Mikael Parkvall. [KF] http://www.ling.su.se/Creole/

Curtin, Philip D. and Herbert S. Klein. Records of Slave Ship Movements Between Africa and the Americas, 1817-1843

Compiled by Philip D. Curtin, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin (1967). Edited by Herbert Klein, Columbia University, New York (1973). From Parliamentary Papers XLIX (73) 593-633, Foreign Office, 1845. "...contains information on the ship's port of arrival, date of arrival, type of vessel, tonnage, master's name, number of guns, number of crew, national flag, number of slaves, port of departure, number of days of voyage, and mortality." The site is part of Slave Movement During the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. http://dpls.dacc.wisc.edu/slavedata/slaintro1.html

Du Bois, W. E. B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963. "The Souls of Black Folk; Essays and Sketches" (1903)

Project Gutenberg provides the full-text of the book. ftp://uiarchive.cso.uiuc.edu/pub/etext/gutenberg/etext96/soulb10.txt

Dutch Portuguese Colonial History

Dutch in South Africa, Portuguese language heritage in Africa, European forts in Ghana, Madagascar, Chronology of Portuguese possessions in Africa, Chronology of Dutch Possessions in Africa, a bibliography of Dutch Colonial history (16th-18th c.) by Marco Ramerini. the Dutch in Mauritius, bibliographies. Maintained by Marco Ramerini from Firenze, Italy. http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Styx/6497/

Equiano, Olaudah b. 1745 - The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African. Written by Himself.

Vol. I. London: Author, [1789]. Full text of the book. Electronic version by [Chapel Hill, N.C.] :; Academic Affairs Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2001. http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/equiano1/menu.html

See also the site Carey, Brycchan - "Olaudah Equiano, or, Gustavus Vassa, the African."

France. Bibliotheque nationale. Voyages en Afrique
 

In French. "900 volumes de textes, 30 titres de revues, 80 cartes venant des collections imprimées de la BnF, 20 heures d'enregistrements sonores des fonds du Musée de la parole et du geste et 6500 photographies issues des fonds de la Société de géographie." Access documents by type (books, journals, maps, photographs), geographic area, era. Part of the French national library's Gallica site. http://gallica.bnf.fr/VoyagesEnAfrique/
 

Contents include:
Maps of peoples and kingdoms, colonial history, physical map, antique maps, nautical maps

Full text books, journal articles, maps illustrating themes: L'Europe découvre l'Afrique (includes L'Esclavage), L'Afrique des cultures, Histoire coloniale : la France en Afrique, L'Afrique vue depuis la France.

Journal articles (Bulletins de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris; Bulletin de la Société de géographie de Paris; le Tour du Monde, 1860-1914; La Géographie; Bulletin de la Société de géographie commerciale de Bordeaux; Revue maritime et coloniale, Annales des voyages, de la géographie et de l'histoire: Nouvelles annales des voyages, de la géographie et de l'histoire. and many more.
 

A Bibliography and a Chronology and Music from the 1930s and earlier (see L'Afrique vue depuis la France).

France. Ministere des affaires etrangeres. La Petite Bibliotheque de France

In French. Has La traite des Noirs, an essay, by Éric Saugera, on the slave trade. Includes a chronology, bibliography. [KF] http://www.france.diplomatie.fr/culture/france/biblio/

Ghana and Holland, Three Hundred Years

In English and Dutch. Commemorates 300 years of diplomatic relations between Ghana and the Netherlands. Has a short history of Netherlands / Ghana relations from the 1593 arrival of the Dutch in Sao Tome and the 1701 visit of the first European to the Ashanti Kingdom, of slavery, and present day relations. Read about Ghanaians in Holland (their organizations, the 16,000 people of Ghanaian origin living in the Netherlands). Has short video clips from Back to Kotoka, a soap opera about Ghanaians in Holland, articles on (Ghana's forts and the slave trade, a slave who defended the slave trade, Ghanaians in search of their Dutch Ancestors, funerals in Ghana), a piece on Arthur Japin's book, The two hearts of Kwasi Boachi', a piece on Dutch wax textiles with a link to the Vlisco companies. There is a schedule of events including the visit of Crown Prince William to Ghana, a booklet, in Dutch, on Ghanaians in Holland, the photographer Philip Kwame Apagya, a selection of historical photos taken between 1880 and 1890, and many more articles. [KF] http://www.ghana300holland.nl/

Gross-Friedrichsburg in Princess Town Ghana

In English and German. About a film and book, "Rote Adler an Afrikas Küste. Die brandenburgisch-preußische Kolonie Großfriedrichsburg in Westafrika" on a Prussian fort on the coast of Ghana built by Friedrich Wilhelm of Brandenburg (1640 - 1688)." Includes a chronology, map, Site by Selignow, publisher of the book on the Prussian fort. The "Brandenburg - Princess Town - Eine Welt e.V." association supports maintainence of the fort. http://www.gross-friedrichsburg.de

Harvard University. Atlantic History Seminar

"Members of the Seminar are drawn from the nations of Western Europe, Africa, and Latin America, joined by U.S. and Canadian scholars who are also at an early stage of their careers, for presentation of work in progress,... and exchange of views with senior scholars." See the Working Paper Abstracts for papers such as "Women as Actors and Victims of the Slave Trade in Igboland, Nigeria" by Gloria Ifeoma Chuku (1999 papers).

The Atlantic Slave Trade, 1527-1867 was the 1998 workshop. Has full text (in Adobe .pdf format) of the introduction by David Eltis to a cd-rom database of 27,224 slave voyages, 1562-1867. http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~atlantic/index.html

Herbstein, Manu - "Ama: A Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade"

Site for a 450 page novel on Ama, captured and enslaved in Ghana in the eighteenth century and taken to a sugar estate in Brazil. The novel recounts "the experience of enslavement and resistance, seen from the point of view of one African slave." Has excerpts and maps from the novel, bibliographies of related sources, links to related sites. Manu Herbstein's book won the 2002 Commonwealth Writers Prize for Best First Book overall and for the Africa Region. http://www.ama.africatoday.com/

Hunwick, John - "The Same but Different: Approaches to Slavery and the African Diaspora in the Lands of Islam"

Full text in Adobe PDF format, in the Saharan Studies Association Newsletter, V. 7, No. 1/2, Dec. 1999. Keynote address, Workshop on Slavery and the African Diaspora in the Lands of Islam, Northwestern Univ. 1999. On the web site of the Saharan Studies Association. http://ssa.sri.com:8002/news/newsletters/v7n1-2.pdf

Internet African History Sourcebook - Paul Halsall

Has many full-text sources on the Impact of Slavery, including excerpts from "Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, The African" (London, 1789). Maintained by Paul Halsall, Fordham University. [KF] http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/africa/africasbook.html

Klein, Herbert S. Angola Slave Trade in the Eighteenth Century, 1723-1771 (1970?, 1997)

"...contains information on the date ship sailed, name of ship, Brazilian port of arrival, persons (adults and children) shipped, total number of slaves aboard, physical capacity (arqueacao) of the ship." The site is part of Slave Movement During the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Distributed by Data and Program Library Service University of Wisconsin-Madison. http://dpls.dacc.wisc.edu/slavedata/slaintro6.html

Livingstone, David, "Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa"

Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa; Including a Sketch of Sixteen Years' Residence in the Interior of Africa, and a Journey from the Cape of Good Hope to Loanda on the West Coast; Thence Across the Continent, Down the River Zambesi, to the Eastern Ocean. (London, 1857). Full-text of the book with information on slavery. Part of Project Gutenberg. Includes an 1858 review of the book in Harper's Magazine. [KF] http://tom.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/book/lookup?num=1039

Livingstone (David) National Memorial, Blantyre, Scotland

About the Livingstone Centre in Blantyre where Livingstone was born. Includes a biography of Livingstone. http://www.biggar-net.co.uk/livingstone/

Mintz, Stephen - Excerpts from Slave Narratives

Primary documents including:
A European slave trader, John Barbot, describes the African slave trade (1682)
A Muslim merchant, Ayubah Suleiman Diallo, recalls his capture and enslavement (1733)
Olaudah Equiano, an 11-year old Ibo from Nigeria remembers his kidnapping into slavery (1789)
Olaudah Equiano describes West African religious beliefs and practices (1789)
Charles Ball remembers a slave funeral, which incorporated traditional African customs (1837). Prof. Mintz teaches in the Department of History, University of Houston. http://vi.uh.edu/pages/mintz/primary.htm

Mintz, Steven - "Slavery and Antislavery: a Bibliography of Recent Works in English

23 page bibliography. Some citations lack full bibliographic information; all lack pagination. Covers the United States, Caribbean, two pages on Africa, other countries. http://vi.uh.edu/pages/mintz/bib1.htm

Museum of African Slavery - Pier Larson

" designed as a site for remembering the experiences of enslaved Africans." "The information at this site derives from Professor Larson's lectures and his reading of the existing research on slavery and the slave trade." Includes excerpts from "The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa, the African", Frequently Asked Questions, "Who Owns History? Some Thoughts on the Slave Trade and Related Issues" by Ralph Austen. http://jhunix.hcf.jhu.edu/~plarson/smuseum/welcome.htm

Mystic Seaport Museum. Exploring Amistad

The Amistad ship uprising "set off an intense legal, political, and popular debate over the slave trade, slavery, race, Africa, and ultimately America itself." Has an account of "the Africans' enslavement, revolt, legal struggle, and eventual return to Africa."

Includes background essays with full text primary sources, several Timelines (Atlantic slave trade, Sierra Leone & West Africa to 1849, etc.), a curriculum / teachers' section. Includes the essay, "The African Squadron, The U.S. Navy and the Slave Trade, 1920-1862" by Calvin Lane, professor emeritus of English at the University of Hartford and the full text of "A History of the Amistad Captives" by John Warner Barber (New Haven, Connecticut: E.L. and J.W.Barber, 1840.) The Museum is located in Mystic, Connecticut. http://amistad.mysticseaport.org/

National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, U.K. - Port

"The National Maritime Museum (Greenwich, London) has the largest and best collection of maritime-related artefacts in the world." Sections include "Slavery" with images (and a paragraph on each image) of The Slave Trade, the Abolition Movement, Trade with Colonial Africa. Has a timeline, a database connecting geographic locations to historical events, research guides for those doing in depth research. [KF] http://www.PORT.nmm.ac.uk

Nigerian Hinterland Project

"The Nigerian Hinterland Project affiliated with the UNESCO Slave Route Project focuses on the development of the African diaspora stemming from the "Nigerian" hinterland during the era of the slave trade from approximately 1650 to 1900." Projects include: Archival Inventory and Preservation of Primary Sources, Biographical Data Base of Enslaved Africans, Historical Atlas of Slavery, Ports of the "Nigerian" Hinterland, The Muslim Diaspora in the Era of the Slave Route, Ethnic Identity in the Diaspora and the Nigerian Hinterland, Linkages between the Diaspora and the Nigerian Hinterland. Has full text of the Nigerian Hinterland Project Newsletter. The Director is Paul E. Lovejoy. Based at the Dept. of History, York University, Toronto, Canada.
 

Has the full text of the Tubman Seminar papers and some full text papers from the conference "Repercussions of the Atlantic Slave Trade: The Interior of the Bight of Biafra and the African Diaspora" July, 2000, Enugu, Nigeria. [KF]
http://www.yorku.ca/nhp/

Pictorial Images of the Transatlantic Slave Trade: A Media Database

Compiled by Jerome Handler (Virginia Foundation for the Humanities) and Michael Tuite (Digital Medial Laboratory, University of Virginia). Images of the slave trade in Africa and the Americas. http://gropius.lib.virginia.edu/SlaveTrade/index.html

Shick, Tom W., Roll of the Emigrants to the Colony of Liberia Sent by the American Colonization Society from 1820-1843

The raw data and documentation which records all emigrants to Liberia between 1820-1843, brought by the American Colonization Society can be downloaded. The data set includes place of origin/arrival, status of individual, occupation, name of the ship which carried the emigrant, etc. Bundled with this is the data set, Liberian Census Data, 1843. The late,Tom Shick, Dept. of Afro-American Studies, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, was Principal Investigator of this project. http://dpls.dacc.wisc.edu/Liberia

Slave Movement During the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

Contains raw data and documentation. Includes -
Curtin, Philip D. and Herbert S. Klein. Records of Slave Ship Movement Between Africa and the Americas, 1817-1843
Curtin, Philip D. Slave Ships of Eighteenth Century France, 1748-1756, 1763-1792
Klein, Herbert S. Slave Trade to Rio de Janeiro, 1795-1811
Klein, Herbert S. Virginia Slave Trade in the Eighteenth Century, 1727-1769
Klein, Herbert S. English Slave Trade, 1791-1799 (House of Lords Survey)
Klein, Herbert S. Angola Slave Trade in the Eighteenth Century, 1723-1771
Klein, Herbert S. Slave Trade to Rio de Janeiro, 1825-1830
Klein, Herbert S. Internal Slave Trade to Rio de Janeiro, 1852
Klein, Herbert S. Slave Trade to Havana, Cuba, 1790-1820
Klein, Herbert S. Nantes Slave Trade in the Eighteenth Century, 1711-1791
Engerman, Stanley L. and Herbert S. Klein. Slave Trade to Jamaica, 1782-1788, 1805-1808
Distributed by Data and Program Library Service University of Wisconsin-Madison. http://dpls.dacc.wisc.edu/slavedata/index.html

Slavery @ the Cape of Good Hope in both Dutch and British South Africa

Contents include (from book sources) the Cape slave code of 1754, social conditions of slaves at the Cape, a timeline of slavery at the Cape, an extensive bibliography, scholars of slave history, etc. Hosted on the Dutch East India Company website of the University of Ghent (Belgium).Site by Mogamat G Kamedien. http://batavia.rug.ac.be/slavery/

Spartacus Internet Encyclopedia - British History 1700-1930: The Slave Trade

Includes passages from primary sources, illustrations. Accounts of Olaudah Equiano, Olaudah Equiano, Zamba Zembola, and others. Covers the slave system, life, Amistad, anti-slavery legislation, anti-slavery organizations, etc.

See also U.S. 1840-1960. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAslavery.htm
From Spartacus Educational and Schoolnet (a U.K. company providing internet service to schools). http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/slavery.htm

Stanford University. The Slave Trade

A selection of microform sources and print sources for studying the slave trade. In Stanford and outside Stanford. Notes for a two-week seminar. http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/history/slavetrade.html

 

Studies in the World History of Slavery, Abolition and Emancipation

An e-journal edited by Patrick Manning, John Saillant and Anthony Henderson-Whyte. It will be an occasional publication featuring essays, documents, images, bibliographies and database information relevant to the history of slavery, abolition, and emancipation. The journal is intended to provide a global context for slave studies. The project is intended also to link scholars in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Although the project's primary means of dissemination is electronic, printed copies can be made available to scholars and libraries that lack access to the Internet. The site has a keyword search facility. Vol. 1, No. 1 is August 1996. http://h-net.msu.edu/~slavery/

UNESCO. Africa Revisited

In  English and French. About the "richness, the diversity, and the fragility" of Africa's cultural heritage. Includes West African forts (Elmina, Goree, James Fort). Part of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [KF] http://www.unesco.org/whc/exhibits/afr_rev/toc.htm

UNESCO. Slave Trade Archives Project

UNESCO has set up an International Scientific Committee for the Slave Route Project to examine the question of the slave trade and its impact on relevant countries. A "...feasibility study will identify national archives and related institutions in six African countries (Angola, Benin, Ghana, Mozambique, Nigeria and Senegal) and in Brazil, Haiti and St. Croix to upgrade their facilities and services." http://webworld.unesco.org/slave_quest/en/ Also: http://www.unesco.org/webworld/mdm/mow_projects.html#4 and http://www.unesco.org/webworld/news/2001/010125_slavetrade.shtml

UNESCO World Heritage Sites

"The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage... agreement, signed to date by more than 150 States Parties, was adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO in 1972. Its primary mission is to define and conserve the world's heritage, by drawing up a list of sites whose outstanding values should be preserved for all humanity and to ensure their protection through a closer co-operation among nations."
Africa sites include the island of Goree. http://www.unesco.org/whc/nwhc/pages/sites/maplist/africa.htm

United States. Library of Congress. Geography and Map Division. 19th Century maps of Liberia

 "...includes twenty examples from the American Colonization Society (ACS), organized in 1817 to resettle free black Americans in West Africa. These maps show early settlements in Liberia, indigenous political subdivisions, and some of the building lots that were assigned to settlers. This on-line presentation also includes other nineteenth-century maps of Liberia: a map prepared for a book first published in the 1820's by ACS agent Jehudi Ashmun, a map showing the areas in Liberia that were ceded to the society by indigenous chiefs, and a detailed map dated 1869 by a man thought to be the black American explorer Benjamin Anderson."  Has a History of Liberia Timeline. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/gmdhtml/libhtml/libhome.html

United States. Library of Congress. Slaves and the Courts, 1740-1860

"Slaves and the Courts, 1740-1860, contains just over a hundred pamphlets and books (published between 1772 and 1889) concerning the difficult and troubling experiences of African and African-American slaves in the American colonies and the United States." "trials and cases, reports, arguments, accounts, examinations of cases and decisions, proceedings, journals, a letter, and other works.....Of the cases presented here, most took place in America and a few in Great Britain." http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/sthtml/

University of Calgary. Dept. of History. European Voyages of Exploration

A tutorial with a section on African exploration. Includes Prince Henry the Navigator, Portugal, the Sugar and Slave Trades. http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/HIST/tutor/eurvoya/index.html

University of California, Santa Barbara. Department of Black Studies

Has a brief account of West African history from the 16th c. and the slave trade to the West Indies; part of an online course.  http://www.sscf.ucsb.edu/blac/

University of Virginia. Liberian Letters

The Univ. of Virginia, Electronic Text Center, provides the full text of two collections of letters written by former slaves from Virginia who settled in Liberia: Samson Ceasar's letters to David S. Haselden and Henry F. Westfall, 1834-1835, and Letters from the former slaves of Terrell, 1857-1866. The letters are held by University of Virginia Library Special Collections. [KF] http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/subjects/liberia/

Wesley, John - Thoughts Upon Slavery

Published 1774. On the web site of the Univ. of Manchester Library. Methodist Archives and Research Centre. Primary....texts. The Univ. of Manchester Library web editor writes -

"John Wesley widely distributed this tract in England and America under his own name. Actually it is an abridgement of Some Historical Accounts of Guinea, published in Philadelphia in 1771 by Anthony Benezet, an American Quaker. According to Albert Outler, this type of literary "borrowing" was seen by Wesley and this 18th century colleagues as a form of endorsement not plagiarism.[Outler, Albert C. John Wesley (New York: Oxford University Press, 1964), pp. 85-86n.]" [KF] http://gbgm-umc.org/umw/wesley/thoughtsuponslavery.stm

Yale University. Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance and Abolition

The "Center seeks to promote a better understanding of all aspects of the Atlantic Slave System, including the Africans' resistance to enslavement, the black and white abolitionist movements, and of the ways in which slavery finally came to an end." Has a Lesson Plan with narrative, timeline, documents on the Amistad Case.
Has the introduction and bibliography, "Abolitionists Abroad: American Blacks and the Making of Modern West Africa" by Lamin Sanneh. http://www.yale.edu/glc/index.html

York University. Harriet Tubman Resource Centre on the African Diaspora

"focuses on the history of the African diaspora and the movement of Africans to various parts of the world, particularly the Americas and the Islamic lands of North Africa and the Middle East." Has a publication series, Studies in the History of the African Diaspora, conference programs and some papers, the full text of the African Diaspora Newsletter, the full text of "Ethnicity and the Slave Trade: 'Lucumi' and 'Nago' as Ethnonyms in West Africa" by Robin Law (from History in Africa, No. 24, 1997).

 

Research areas include: Nigerian Hinterland Project, Biographical Database of Enslaved Africans, Historical Atlas of Slavery, Ports of the Nigerian Hinterland, The Muslim Diaspora in the Era of the Slave Route, Ethnic Identities in Atlantic Africa and the Diaspora, Linkages between the Diaspora and Africa, Igbo Oral History Project on Slavery. The Director is Paul E. Lovejoy. Based in Toronto, Canada. http://www.yorku.ca/nhp